Dab tsi yog rau feem ntau siv raw cov ntaub ntawv rau refractories?
Refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom refractory. Nws yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv refractory. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv refractory yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim (xws li cov av nplaum refractory, siab bauxite, silica, chromium ore, magnesite, dolomite, magnesium olivine, zirconite, kyanite, sillimanite, andalusite, thiab lwm yam). Nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv refractory, cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws kuj tau siv ntau ntxiv (xws li cov khoom siv alumina, hluavtaws mullite, cov khoom siv refractory, cov khoom siv refractory hollow, thiab lwm yam. .). Qhov zoo thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom refractory yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev xaiv kom raug thiab kev siv cov khoom siv raw.
Refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj peev xwm muab faib ua kua qaub refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv, alkaline refractory raw khoom thiab nruab nrab refractory raw khoom; Raws li lub hauv paus yuav muab faib ua tej yam ntuj tso ntxhia raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab hluavtaws raw khoom; Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov khoom siv refractory tau muab faib ua cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv raw.
Cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov khoom siv refractory, txawm tias cov khoom siv ntxhia ntuj lossis cov khoom siv hluavtaws, yuav tsum muaj qhov siab txaus refractoriness los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov khoom siv mineralogical rau kev tsim cov khoom; Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev siv tshuab, nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev siv tshuab; Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim nrog nws, nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub.
Refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau muab faib ua txhuas-silicon refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv (siliceous, av nplaum, siab aluminium, thiab lwm yam), alkaline refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv, thermal rwb thaiv tsev refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam refractory raw khoom.
Ua ntej, siliceous raw khoom
Vim lub ntim nyhuv ntawm quartz variants, silica bricks kuj tau ncaj qha los ntawm silica, uas yog ib tug dav lub sij hawm rau gangue quartz, quartzite, flint thiab sandstone. Lub ntsiab ntawm silica yog SiO2, thiab lwm yam yog impurities. siliceous raw khoom siv nyob rau hauv refractories yog crystalline rubble thiab cemented silica.
Thib ob, av nplaum raw khoom
Fireclay yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov txhuas silicate refractories, thiab nws cov refractoriness yuav tsum siab tshaj 1580 degree C ntawm txhua yam av nplaum tawv, mos (semi-soft) av nplaum thiab av nplaum shale, uas yog collectively hu ua fireclay.
Ntuj fireclay feem ntau yog av nplaum ore feem ntau yog kaolinite (Al2O3 2SiO2 2}H2O) raws li nws cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas yog, dej-muaj silicate ua lub ntsiab lub cev, thiab tov nrog dawb quartz, pyrite, rutile. thiab cov organic tebchaw tsim los ntawm kev sib tov. Feem ntau ntawm cov minerals uas tsis yog homogeneous no yog dispersions muaj li hais tsawg tshaj li 1.2μm inch.
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av nplaum, tuaj yeem muab faib ua: thawj av nplaum thiab cov av nplaum thib ob. Cov av nplaum tseem ceeb yog hais txog kev tsim cov av nplaum tom qab huab cua ntawm niam txiv pob zeb (xws li feldspar), uas tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw. Secondary av nplaum, tseem hu ua drift av nplaum, yog cov av nplaum xa mus rau lwm qhov chaw thiab tom qab ntawd tso los ntawm cov av nplaum qub nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso dynamic tej yam kev mob, nrog zoo particle loj, loj dispersion thiab siab plasticity.
Cov av nplaum refractory siv hauv kev lag luam refractory feem ntau muaj ob pawg hauv qab no.
Tuab av nplaum nyuaj yog cov tawv nqaij tuab, loj heev, dej tsis yooj yim, thiab cov yas muaj kuab heev. Cov av nplaum no feem ntau yog lub teeb grey, tawm-dawb lossis grey hauv qhov tsos. Plhaub zoo li tawg, qee qhov saum npoo muaj kev nkag siab ntawm smoothness, yooj yim tawg rau hauv daim.
② Mos (semi-soft) av nplaum feem ntau blocky, mos cov ntaub so ntswg thiab zoo plasticity. Cov xim ntawm cov av nplaum no txawv heev vim muaj ntau hom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities. Los ntawm grey mus tsaus grey mus rau dub; Qee qhov yog ntshav, liab liab lossis dawb.
Thib peb, siab aluminium raw khoom
(1) Bauxite
Bauxite yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov xim av corundum, thiab siab aluminium clinker nrog Al2O3 cov ntsiab lus ntawm 88% 90% yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm subwhite corundum. Kev tsim cov corundum dawb, ntom corundum thiab lwm yam alumina ua raw khoom. Bauxite tseem hu ua bauxite siab lossis bauxite, cov zaub mov tseem ceeb yog diaspore (Al2O3 H2O) thiab trihydrate (Al2O33H2O).
Tuam Tshoj muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm bauxite: nws yog tsim los ntawm Shanxi, Hebei thiab Shandong sab qaum teb ntawm tus Dej Yellow, los ntawm Henan thiab Guangxi hauv nruab nrab Tuam Tshoj, mus rau Guizhou thiab Yunnan nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob. Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm high bauxite clinker yog Shanxi, Henan thiab Guizhou. Kuj tseem muaj qee qhov me me tab tom txhim kho hauv Hunan. Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm bauxite hauv Suav teb yog hydrobauxite, boehmite, kaolinite thiab pyrophyllite, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom raws li nws cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg: hydrobauxite-kaolinite hom (DK); Boehmstone-kaolinite hom (BK); Hydrobauxite-pyrophyllite hom (DP). Tam sim no, DK hom bauxite yog siv dav tshaj plaws, DK hom bauxite clinker muab faib ua S, Ⅰ, ⅡA, ⅡB, Ⅲ thiab lwm yam raws li nws cov ntsiab lus Al2O3.
(2) sintered corundum thiab fused corundum
Artificial zus tau tej cov corundum yog siv cov muaj alumina los yog siab bauxite raws li lub ntsiab raw khoom, melting nyob rau hauv lub arc rauv los tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, corundum phaj alumina tuaj yeem tau los ntawm txoj kev sintering. Txoj kev no tseem yog raws li kev lag luam aluminium oxide hmoov ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, los ntawm calcination, zoo sib tsoo, pob tsim thiab tua. Txoj kev no yog qhov nyuaj los tsim cov thev naus laus zis, tab sis cov khoom muaj lub zog siab, muaj zog corrosion kuj thiab zoo thermal shock stability. Lub thiaj li hu ua "sub-dawb corundum" yog tiag tiag ib tug ntom hluav taws xob fused corundum raws li bauxite siab, cov ntsiab lus Al2O3 yog ntau dua 98%, qhov pom tseeb porosity tsawg dua 4%; Nws yog ua los ntawm high bauxite los ntawm electromelting nyob rau hauv txo cua thiab tswj tej yam kev mob. Corundum siv lead ua yog granular, feem ntau 115mm; Lub ntsiab impurities yog rutile, aluminium titanate thiab nws cov khoom siv.
(3) Mullite
Mullite yog cov khoom siv refractory nrog 3Al2O32SiO2 crystalline theem ua nws cov khoom tseem ceeb. Mullite muab faib ua natural mullite thiab hluavtaws mullite. Ntuj mullite tsis tshua muaj thiab feem ntau yog hluavtaws. Mullite yog tshuaj ruaj khov thiab insoluble hauv hydrofluoric acid. Nws muaj cov tshuab kub siab thiab kub lub zog cua, yog li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog, tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom neeg, cov tshuaj muaj zog tiv thaiv, thermal shock resistance thiab lwm yam.
(4) sillimanite pawg minerals
Sillimanite pab pawg muaj xws li cyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, feem ntau hu ua "peb pob zeb". Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm peb lub pob zeb yog tib yam, tab sis cov qauv siv lead ua sib txawv, thiab nws yog ib homogeneous siv lead ua. Rhaub mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, hloov mus rau hauv mullite, tsim ib qho me me ntawm molten SiO2, thaum nrog lub ntim nthuav dav.
Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm peb lub pob zeb cua sov nthuav dav, nws txoj kev siv ncaj qha tsis zoo ib yam. Vim yog qhov me me hloov pauv ntawm andalusite, txawm tias nws yog siv los ua cib lossis ua ib qho ntxiv, nws yog siv ncaj qha los ua raw khoom. Sillimanite thiab kyanite feem ntau tau ntxiv rau cov khoom xyaw hauv daim ntawv nthuav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv amorphous refractory. Thiab siv los ua cib yuav tsum yog calcined clinker, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kyanite yuav tsum yog calcined mature khoom.
Plaub, alkaline refractory raw khoom
4.1 Magnesium raw khoom
(1) magnesite
Muaj ob hom magnesite hauv Suav teb: crystalline magnesite thiab amorphous magnesite. Tuam Tshoj tus magnesite feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv Liaoning thiab Shandong xeev, lub ntsiab impurity ntawm magnesite yog talc, kuj muaj ib co magnesite uas muaj CaO siab, ua raws li cov ntxhia dolomite, Tuam Tshoj tus magnesite raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav muab faib ua S, I, II. , III, IV tsib qib, tsuas yog qib S thiab kuv siv rau calcination ntawm magnesite cib.
High purity magnesia yog npaj los ntawm ob kauj ruam flotation thiab ob kauj ruam calcination. Lub siab purity magnesia npaj los ntawm txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv los tsim ntau yam kev ua haujlwm siab refractory khoom.
(2) Lwm cov zaub mov muaj magnesium
Lub ntsiab ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm magnesium olivine cov khoom hauv magnesium refractory cov ntaub ntawv yog magnesium olivine (2MgO·SiO2) thiab cubic magnesite (MgO). Cov khoom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj zog tiv thaiv molten hlau oxide thiab zoo thermal shock stability dua li cov magnesia cib. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom no yog peridotite thiab serpentine.
4.2 Dolomitic raw khoom
Dolomite yog cov khoom siv refractory feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ob chav ntsev ntawm magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) thiab calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Nws cov qauv tshuaj yog CaMg(CO3)2 lossis MgCO3 CaCO3, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus theoretical yog CaO3 0.41%, MgO2 1.87% thiab CO2 47.72%. CaO/MgO=1.39, hardness yog 3.54.
Dolomite nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv raw cov ntaub ntawv, dav faib, thiab kuj ntshiab. Muaj ntau reserves nyob rau hauv Dashiqiao cheeb tsam ntawm Liaoning xeev. Shandong, Hubei, Shaanxi, Guangxi, Gansu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan thiab lwm lub xeev yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals. Lub cev ore feem ntau txuam nrog limestone thiab magnesite.
5. Cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom siv zirconium
(1) Zircon pob zeb
Zircon (ZrO2·SiO2 lossis ZrSiO4) yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom zircon thiab cov khoom zircon, thiab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Zircon nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog Hainan Province. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv Guangdong xeev, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shandong xeev, Fujian xeev thiab Taiwan xeev.
Lub theoretical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm zircon yog ZrO{0}}.01% thiab SiO{2}}.99%. Nws feem ntau muaj TiCfe thiab lwm cov kab tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb oxides, uas, vim muaj cov ntsiab lus no, ua rau nws cov xov tooj cua sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv cov khoom siv raw no los tsim cov khoom, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog.
Zircon muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg ntawm 3.72W / (mK) ntawm 201000 degree. Lub expansion coefficient ntawm zircon kuj tsis tshua muaj piv nrog rau lwm yam crystals, 4.6X 10-6 degree ntawm 1000 degree, thiab expansion coefficient ntawm nws ib leeg siv lead ua nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov lus qhia ntawm ntsug thiab parallel lub ntsiab axis (C-axis) muaj qhov sib txawv loj. Zircon muaj tshuaj inertness siab thiab nyuaj rau cov kua qaub. Reacts nrog iav yaj mus rau qhov tsawg dua, nws yog feem ntau siv hauv metallurgy thiab iav kev lag luam refractories.
(2) plagiozircon
Ntuj zircon (ZrO2) feem ntau irregularly lumped, dub, xim av, daj, los yog xim tsis muaj xim. Muaj ob peb natural inclined zircon ore lub cev hauv Suav teb. ZrO2 siv hauv kev lag luam yog cov khoom siv tshuaj, uas yog cov hmoov dawb los yog daj daj tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj los ntawm zircon (ZrO2·SiO2).
Ntshiab ZrO2 muaj peb cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua ntawm atmospheric siab: monoclinic, tetragonal thiab cubic theem ntawm qis mus rau qhov kub thiab txias.
Stable ZrO2, raws li nws cov degree ntawm stability, muaj ib feem ruaj khov ZrO2 thiab tag nrho ruaj khov ZrO2 cov ntsiab lus, vim hais tias tag nrho ruaj khov ZrO2 thermal expansion coefficient yog loj, nws thermal shock stability tsis zoo li ib nrab ruaj khov, yog li tom kawg yog feem ntau. siv los ua ceramics thiab refractory toughening cov ntaub ntawv.
(3) desiliconized zirconium
Hauv kev tsim cov fused cam khwb cia zirconium corundum (AZS) refractory txawv teb chaws, ntxiv rau kev siv zircon concentrate, ib qho nyiaj ntawm "desiliconized zirconium" raw cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv, lub hom phiaj yog: ua ntej, kho thiab stabilize cov mis. ; Qhov thib ob yog txhawm rau txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo.
(4) zirconium corundum mullite
Thawj cov ntaub ntawv raw yog cov khoom siv alumina, kaolin thiab zirconite, uas yog cov hauv av zoo thiab sib xyaw ua ke, ib nrab qhuav siab pob thiab calcined ntawm 3001700 degree los tsim cov khoom siv no. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias nce zircon cov ntsiab lus ua rau nce sintering kub, txo tag nrho shrinkage thiab nce kaw porosity. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau sintered zircon corundum mullite muaj qhov ntom ntom dua thiab lub zog thiab zoo dua thermal shock resistance stability.
6. Cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom siv chromium
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov chrome (chrome cib, chrome magnesia cib, magnesia chrome cib) refractories yog chromium ore lossis chromite. Chromite yog sib tov ntawm ntau yam minerals, vim hais tias nws cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg fluctuates zoo heev, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub cev lub cev hloov pauv kuj loj. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm gangue minerals nrog chromic nplej. Cov minerals gangue no feem ntau yog magnesium silicates, xws li serpentine, magnesium olivine thiab olivine. Ntxiv nrog rau Cr2O3 hauv chromite, kuj tseem muaj Al2O3, Fe2O3 thiab MgO, chromite dav dav, vim muaj magnesium thiab hlau, feem ntau qhia raws li (Mg, Fe) Cr2O3.
Cov saum toj no feem ntau yog siv cov khoom siv refractory raw khoom, nrog rau kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm refractory thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv raw khoom muaj ntau haiv neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo tas los no, vim muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig thiab ntau qhov laj thawj xws li cov khoom siv raw ore, thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho zoo dua. kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov khoom siv ib puag ncig zoo dua qub (xws li ferrosilicon nitride, Theron, thiab lwm yam).
