Feem ntau 24 hom refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam raw khoom
Refractory aggregate thiab refractory hmoov nyob rau hauv refractory castable feem ntau hu ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab tus so yog hu ua cov khoom siv thib ob.
Refractory aggregate yog +0.088mm los yog +0.1mm ib feem ntawm refractory castable, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm refractory castable thiab plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub cev pob txha. Yog li ntawd, refractory aggregate yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv dag zog thiab kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm lub cev castable. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yuav tsum muaj rau kev npaj ntawm refractory yuav tsum muaj cov qauv tuab, feem ntau tsawg dua 5%), siab lub zog thiab cov impurity cov ntsiab lus.
Refractory hmoov yog lub matrix tivthaiv ntawm refractory castable. Tom qab ua haujlwm kub, nws tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke lossis cov cement refractory aggregate, sau qhov pores, ua tiav cov ntim ze, xyuas kom lub fluidity thiab ntim stability ntawm cov khoom sib tov, txhawb sintering, thiab txhim kho qhov ntom, lub zog, kev ua haujlwm kub thiab kev pabcuam ntawm cov khoom siv ( lub cev castable).
Los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom zoo sib txawv raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob refractory nrog cov khoom sib txawv, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv yuav ua tau. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv raw khoom siv los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob refractory castables, uas tuaj yeem tau txais refractory castables nrog cov khoom zoo thiab kev pab lub neej ntev.
Lub ntsiab raw khoom nyob rau hauv niaj hnub high-efficiency refractory castables tau siv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm high-purity raw cov ntaub ntawv, homogeneous raw cov ntaub ntawv, electromelting raw cov ntaub ntawv, hluavtaws raw khoom, hloov raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab ultra-fine hmoov raws li zoo raws li carbon thiab hluavtaws non -Oxide raw cov ntaub ntawv, yog li ntawd cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm refractory castables yog heev txhim khu kev qha, txawm ntau tshaj li cov refractory raug rho tawm haujlwm.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm refractory castable feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv hauv kev tsim, yog li cov khoom siv raw hauv cov khoom siv refractory castable, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv raw, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom kawg thiab tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
Sintered alumina
Sintered corundum, tseem hu ua sintered alumina los yog semi-molten alumina, yog ib tug refractory clinker ua los ntawm calcined alumina los yog industrial alumina, uas yog hauv av rau hauv ib lub pob los yog billet thiab sintered ntawm qhov kub ntawm 175 0 ~ 1900 degree . Sintered alumina muaj ntau dua 99% ntawm txhuas oxide yog tsim los ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj crystalline corundum ncaj qha ua ke. Cov roj ntws tawm yog qis dua 3.0%, cov me nyuam me me mus txog 3.60% / cubic meter yog ze rau qhov ntsuas ruaj khov ntawm corundab, thiab nws tau zoo ntim ruaj khov thiab tshuaj ruaj khov ntawm kub. Nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev yaig ntawm kev txo qhov cua, molten iav thiab kua hlau, thiab cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam yog qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Fused corundum
Fused corundum yog ib hom hluavtaws corundum ua los ntawm melting ntshiab alumina hmoov nyob rau hauv kub kub hluav taws xob rauv. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub siab melting point, siab mechanical zog, zoo thermal shock kuj, muaj zog yaig kuj thiab me me linear expansion coefficient. Fused corundum yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb refractory qib siab. Nws feem ntau suav nrog fused dawb corundum, fused xim av corundum, sub-dawb corundum thiab lwm yam.
Fused dawb corundum
Fused dawb corundum yog ntshiab alumina hmoov ua raw khoom, tom qab kub smelting, dawb. Cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm dawb corundum yog cov txheej txheem ntawm melting thiab recrystallization ntawm industrial aluminium oxide hmoov, thiab tsis muaj cov txheej txheem txo. Al2O3 cov ntsiab lus tsis tsawg dua 9%, cov ntsiab lus impurity tsawg heev. Lub hardness yog me ntsis me me thiab lub toughness yog me ntsis qis dua li cov xim av corundum. Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej abrasive, tshwj xeeb ceramics thiab cov ntaub ntawv qib siab refractory.
Fused xim av corundum
Fused xim av corundum yog ua los ntawm high bauxite raws li lub ntsiab raw khoom thiab coke (anthracite), uas yog melted los ntawm kub kub hluav taws xob rauv saum toj no 2000 degree. Fused xim av corundum muaj cov qauv siv ntom ntom thiab lub siab tawv, thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ceramics, precision furtractory cov ntaub ntawv.
Subwhite corundum
Subwhite corundum yog npaj los ntawm hluav taws xob melting ntawm super qib los yog thawj bauxite nyob rau hauv txo cua thiab tswj tej yam kev mob. Thaum melting, txo tus neeg sawv cev (carbon), tus neeg sawv cev (hlau filings) thiab decarburizing tus neeg sawv cev (hlau nplai) ntxiv. Vim nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub cev muaj zog nyob ze rau dawb corundum, nws hu ua sub-white corundum. Nws cov ceev ntom ntom yog saum toj 3.80g / cm3, thiab cov khoom porosent pom tau tsawg dua 4%, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo rau kev tsim khoom siab thiab hnav cov khoom siv.
mullite
Mullite yog cov khoom siv refractory nrog 3Al2O3·2SiO2 ua lub ntsiab crystalline theem. Muaj me ntsis ntuj mullite thiab nws feem ntau yog synthesized los ntawm sintering los yog electromelting. Mullite muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nthuav dav, zoo thermal shock stability, siab softening point nyob rau hauv load, me creep tus nqi ntawm kub, siab hardness thiab zoo tshuaj corrosion kuj.
Zircon corundum mullite
Zirconium corundum mullite yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam alumina, kaolin thiab zircon los ntawm kev sib tsoo zoo, sib xyaw ua ke, ib nrab qhuav nias thiab calcination ntawm 1600 ~ 1700 degree. Ntxiv zircon cov ntsiab lus ua rau kom sintering kub, txo tag nrho shrinkage thiab nce kaw porosity. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau muaj kev ceev dua thiab lub zog ntawm sintered zircon corundum mullite thiab zoo thermal shock stability thiab slag kuj.
Magnesium aluminium spinel
Magnesia-aluminium spinel yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam alumina thiab maj mam hlawv magnesia los ntawm sintering ntawm kub lossis hluav taws xob fusion. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm Mgo-Al spinel yog MgO·Al2O3, uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm MgO yog 28.2% thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Al2O3 yog 71.8%. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, tiv thaiv corrosion, siab melting point, thermal expansion, tsis tshua muaj thermal stress, zoo thermal shock stability, muaj zog tiv thaiv alkaline slag yaig thiab zoo hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev zog.
Sillimanite, andalusite, kyanite
Feem ntau, nws kuj tseem hu ua peb lub pob zeb, cov tshuaj formula yog Al203-Si02, thiab cov ntsiab lus theoretical yog Al2O3 63.1% thiab Si0236.9%. Tom qab cua sov, lawv yog irreversibly hloov mus rau hauv mullite thiab quartzite, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm zoo slag corrosion kuj, zoo thermal shock stability, thiab siab softening point nyob rau hauv load. Cov khoom ntawm pawg kainite yog cov khoom siv zoo raw khoom ntawm cov khoom siv amorphous refractory. Sillimanite thiab andalusite tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha rau hauv cib los yog siv los ua refractory aggregate vim lub ntim me me hloov thaum lub sij hawm cua sov. Thaum rhuab, lub ntim expansion ntawm kyanite yog loj, xws li ib tug expansion tus neeg sawv cev rau amorphous refractory cov ntaub ntawv, yuav siv tau ncaj qha.
Siab bauxite
Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv bauxite feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv Shanxi, Henan, Guangxi thiab Guizhou. High bauxite clinker calcined ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog tsuas yog siv rau siab alumina refractory cov ntaub ntawv, kuj siv tau los ua fused xim av corundum, sub-dawb corundum. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, homogenized bauxite clinker tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv cov khoom siv amorphous refractory vim nws qhov nqus tsawg thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Mos av nplaum
Cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av nplaum feem ntau yog kaolinite lossis polywater kaolinite, sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom tsis huv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm A1203 tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 22% mus rau 38%, qhov nruab nrab refractoriness yog txog 1600 las, cov av nplaum mos feem ntau yog av nplaum, cov khoom zoo, yooj yim. kom disperse nyob rau hauv dej, plasticity thiab adhesion muaj zog heev. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv plastics, ramming cov ntaub ntawv, 'spray replenishing cov ntaub ntawv thiab refractory av nkos thiab tsawg crotch refractory ntaub ntawv.
Av nplaum clinker
Raws li cov khoom siv sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv, fireclay clinker tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: ib qho yog cov av nplaum nyuaj ncaj qha rau hauv qhov cub forging thiab hlawv; Lwm qhov yog siv cov kaolin los yog av nplaum tawv, tom qab kev sib tsoo zoo, homogenization, xovxwm pom lub cev qhuav dej, ziab, thiab thaum kawg hlawv hauv qhov cub, yog cov av nplaum zoo clinker. Lub ntsiab ntxhia theem ntawm cov av nplaum tawv clinker yog mullite, suav txog 35% ~ 55%, ua raws li iav theem thiab cristobalite. Clay clinker yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txhuas silicate refractories.
magnesite
Magnesite yog lub ntuj alkaline ntxhia raw khoom nrog magnesium carbonate (MgC03) ua nws cov khoom tseem ceeb. Peb lub teb chaws muaj nplua nuj magnesite cov kev pab cuam, zoo siab thiab loj reserves. Magnesite feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv xeev Liaoning. Magnesite feem ntau yog siv los tsim sintered magnesia, fused magnesia thiab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim refractory.
Sintered magnesia
Sintered magnesia yog cov khoom ntawm tag nrho sintering magnesite ntawm 1600 ~ 1900 degree, thiab cov pob zeb tseem ceeb yog cubic magnesite. MgO cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom zoo magnesia feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 95%, thiab qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom tsis tsawg dua 3.30g / cm3, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo los tiv thaiv alkaline slag yaig. Sintered magnesia yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau alkaline refractory ntau lawm.
Fused magnesia
Fused magnesia yog tsim los ntawm melting xaiv magnesite los yog sintered magnesia nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob arc rauv ntawm qhov kub ntawm 2500 degree. Piv nrog rau sintered magnesia, lub ntsiab siv lead ua theem cubic magnesite muaj coarse grain thiab kev sib cuag ncaj qha, siab purity, ntom qauv, muaj zog tiv thaiv alkaline slag, thiab zoo thermal shock stability. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo rau cov pa roj carbon ntau uas tsis muaj hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab amorphous refractories.
Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm coke thiab silica xuab zeb ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los ntawm kub kub melting ntawm hluav taws xob rauv. -SiC (cubic crystal) yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1400-1800 degree, thiab -SiC (hexagonal siv lead ua) yog tsim thaum kub siab tshaj 18001. Silicon carbide muaj siab hardness, siab thermal conductivity, tsawg thermal expansion tus nqi. thiab zoo heev tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab acidic slag. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev lag luam silicon carbide yog SiC90% ~ 99.5%, refractory castable, tshuaj tsuag muab tub lim, ramming khoom thiab yas feem ntau siv siab purity silicon carbide.
Silica fume
Silica fume yog cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tsim cov ferrosilicon thiab cov khoom siv silicon. Cov tsos yog dawb mus rau tsaus grey zoo hmoov, cov hais yog puag ncig, particle txoj kab uas hla feem ntau yog 0.02 ~ 0.45μm, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb yog li 15 ~ 25m2 /g, qhov ntom ntom yog 0.15 ~ 0.25g / cm3, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, qee qhov silica fume tau siv los ua cov khoom lag luam, thiab tsis yog cov khoom lag luam ntxiv lawm. Nws muaj purity siab, xim dawb thiab ruaj khov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov khoom zoo rheological tau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm artesian castable.
graphite
Graphite muab faib ua graphite dag thiab ntuj graphite. Artificial graphite yog tsim los ntawm sintering roj av coke (rhuab mus rau saum toj 2800 degree C) los yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm graphite electrodes. Ntuj graphite crystals yog hexagonal nrog rhombohedral symmetry. Feem ntau muaj peb hom: amorphous, flake graphite, thiab ntshiab siv lead ua. Amorphous graphite (tsis muaj daim ntawv) thiab cov khoom siv graphite muaj fluidity zoo dua li flake graphite thiab crystalline graphite hauv castable thiab chestnut noj daim ntawv thov.
suab
Coal tar pitch muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau dua li cov roj av asphalt, uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom siv carbon zoo rau cov refractories. Raws li kev tsim qauv tsim ntawm cov khoom siv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov hmoov zoo los yog daim ntawv particle. Kev siv xiav nyob rau hauv amorphous refractory daim ntaub ntawv yog superior rau lwm hom ntawm carbon (xws li graphite) vim hais tias cov asphalt muaj ib tug tsawg melting kub thiab yuav coated nrog hais, yog li muab ib tug zoo tiv thaiv txheej ntawm slag yaig.
Calcium aluminate cement
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov alumina siab cement yog sintering txoj kev, lub purer limestone yog calcium oxide raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov calcium aluminate cement, sintered alumina yog siv rau zus tau tej cov qib calcium aluminate cement, thiab tsawg hlau. , tsawg silicon bauxite yog siv los ua alumina raw khoom rau nruab nrab thiab qis qib siab alumina cement. Ntshiab calcium aluminate cement los yog siab alumina cement yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hydraulic cement siv rau kev sib xyaw ntawm refractory castables thiab tshuaj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm refractory castable hauv ob sab phlu, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj cov dej kub thiab ntxiv dej, sib tov lub zog thiab lub sij hawm, kub thiab cua sov tus nqi, ntawm cov kub yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws parameter, uas ho cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm cement binding theem thiab kev tso dej tawm hauv qhov pib cua sov theem.
Silica sol
Silica sol yog ib hom aqueous colloid dispersed nrog silica hais, uas yog cov kua mis nyuj uas yog me ntsis khov rau qhov kov thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nto. Cov silica sol tuaj yeem ua cemented los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej, hloov pH, ntxiv ntsev, lossis cov kuab tshuaj organic uas tuaj yeem ua rau miscible nrog dej. Thaum lub sij hawm ziab, silicon-oxygen (SI-0-Si) kev sib txuas yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw me me los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej sai, ua rau polymerization thiab kev sib txuas sab hauv. Kev hloov pauv ntawm silica sol los ntawm kev daws mus rau cov khoom yog hu ua cementation. Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov xim, castable, twj tso kua mis, ramming thiab txau txau.
Sodium silicate
Feem ntau siv silicates yog sodium silicate (Na2O•mSiO•nH2O), poov tshuaj silicate thiab lithium silicate. Lub dehydrated sodium silicate feem ntau yog pob tshab li iav thiab soluble hauv dej, yog li nws tseem hu ua dej iav. Cov molar ratio ntawm Si02/N~0 hauv cov khoom lag luam (hu ua modulus ntawm iav dej) yog nruab nrab ntawm 0.5 thiab 4.0, thiab molar ratio ntawm sodium silicate rau Cov khoom siv refractory yog 2.2 txog 3.35. Lub viscosity ntawm sodium silicate aqueous tov yog cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov molar ratio thiab concentration, thiab hloov pauv nrog kub. Sodium silicate yog hydrated nyob rau hauv aqueous tov, thiab cov tshuaj yog alkaline. Qhov me me ntawm cov molar piv, qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov dej ntawm sodium silicate, thiab pH tus nqi txo nrog qhov txo qis ntawm molar ratio. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration ntawm sodium silicate nrog siab molar ratio yog qeeb. Tus neeg sawv cev kho tau xaiv rau sodium silicate bonded refractories yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li daim ntawv thov ntawm refractories. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog sodium fluorosilicate, polyaluminum chloride, phosphate, sodium phosphate, polyaluminum phosphate, polymagnesium phosphate, ammonium pentaborate, glyoxal, citric acid, tartaric acid, ethyl acetate, thiab lwm yam.
Phosphoric acid thiab phosphate
Phosphoric acid nws tus kheej tsis khi. Thaum nws nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov refractory, vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai ntawm ob los tsim phosphate, nws qhia tau hais tias muaj kev sib txuas zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm phosphates tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntawv khi. Cov ntsev feem ntau siv nrog refractories yog aluminium phosphate, uas paub txog nws cov solubility hauv dej, daim ntawv cog lus lub zog thiab ruaj khov raws li kev khi. Sodium phosphate nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog tsuas yog siv rau coagulation, depolymerization thiab ua ib tug neeg sawv cev rau alkaline tshuaj tsuag ntxiv. Sodium polyphosphate feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas dej hauv castables. Tsis tas li ntawd, sodium phosphate tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau sib txuas (xws li CaO thiab MgO) los tsim cov condensation. Nws yog raws li cov cuab yeej no uas sodium phosphate yog siv rau magnesium alkaline txau ntxiv.
Rho - Al2O3
Rho Al2O3 yog ib qho active alumina, uas txawv ntawm lwm yam crystalline Al2O3 thiab yog qhov phem tshaj crystalline Al2O3 variant. Ntawm ntau lub xeev siv lead ua ntawm Al2O3, tsuas yog rho -Al2O3 muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab hydrated diaspore thiab boehmite sol tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas thiab tawv. Rho -Al2O3 thaum kawg tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws refractory - -Al2O3(corundum) ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, rho-Al2O3 bonded castable tuaj yeem suav tias yog hom refractory nws tus kheej-bonding castable, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, thiab nws tus kheej yog qib siab refractory oxide, nrog pom tseeb kev ua tau zoo.
