Spinel

Spinel yog cov ntxhia muaj magnesium thiab txhuas oxides, vim hais tias nws muaj magnesium, hlau, zinc, manganese thiab lwm yam, lawv muab faib ua ntau hom, xws li txhuas spinel, hlau spinel, zinc spinel, manganese spinel, chromium spinel thiab lwm yam. ntawm.

Spinel lub npe lus Askiv yog Spinel, lub ntsiab lus siv lead ua nrog lub kaum ntse ntse, yog magnesium aluminium oxide, tshuaj formula yog (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn) (Al, Cr, Fe) 2O4, spinel tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv kev hloov isomorphic yog ntau, feem ntau muaj hlau, zinc, chromium, manganese thiab lwm yam. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm equiaxed crystals yog complex, nrog rau Aluminium spinel (Aluminium spinel) thiab chromium spinel (Picotite) thiab lwm yam subfamilies. Spinel subgroups uas muaj hlau yog opaque magnetite thiab magnehematite. Feem ntau spinel yog aluminium spinel subgroup, qhov twg Mg2+ thiab Fe2+ tuaj yeem sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem. Crystallization cwj pwm: feem ntau nyob rau hauv octahedral siv lead ua duab, tej zaum octahedral thiab rhombohedral dodecahedron, lub voos xwmfab rau hauv polyform, tab sis kuj feem ntau nrog lub octahedral nto raws li ib tug ob chav siv lead ua thiab sib koom nto los ua ib tug ob chav siv lead ua [1]. Spinel pawg minerals, tsim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej thaum molten magma intrudes mus rau hauv impure limestone los yog dolomite los ntawm kev sib cuag metamorphism, los yog crystallized los ntawm magma thiab ua nyob rau hauv yooj yim thiab ultrabasic igneous pob zeb, ib co tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txhuas-nplua nuj yooj yim magmatic pob zeb.

Spinel crystals, teej tug mus rau lub equiaxial crystal system, yog lub ntsej muag-centered cubic, Z=8. Cov qauv hauv paus yog qhov tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov pa hauv ABC kev txiav txim perpendicular rau (111). Tetrahedrons thiab octahedral txheej yog interphase, thiab qhov piv ntawm tetrahedrons rau octahedrons yog 2: 1. Cov qauv spinel tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog qhov ze tshaj qhov ntim ntawm cov pa oxygen ions, thiab tom qab ntawd X ions nyob 1/8 ntawm 64 tetrahedral Spaces, uas yog, 8 A qhov chaw, thiab Y ions nyob 1/2 ntawm 32 octahedral Spaces, uas. yog, 16 B sites. Yog li, cov qauv dav dav ntawm spinel chav cell yog X8Y16O32, uas feem ntau sau ua XY2O4 (1 ~ 5) tom qab kev ua kom yooj yim.
Cov siv lead ua ntawm spinel suav nrog cov qauv spinel ib txwm thiab cov qauv los tiv thaiv spinel. Cov qauv spinel li qub: cov qauv dav dav yog XY2O4, X yog divalent cation, Y yog trivalent cation, oxygen ions yog cubic tightly packed, trivalent cation Y occupies lub hexagonal coordination octahedral qhov chaw, divalent cation X occupies lub tetrahedral coordination qhov chaw . Antispinel qauv: Cov qauv ntawm cov qauv dav dav Y[XY]O4, bivalent cations thiab ib nrab ntawm cov trivalent cations nyob hauv qhov chaw octahedral, lwm ib nrab ntawm cov trivalent cations nyob hauv qhov chaw tetrahedral, tseem hu ua inverted spinel qauv, magnetite (Fe 2+FeO4) qauv yog hom no.

Spinel feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv schist, serpentine thiab lwm yam pob zeb, thiab feem ntau lub pov haum-qib spinel muaj nyob rau hauv alluvial kiv cua. Nws tuaj yeem tsim hauv marble (skarn hom), nrog ruby, sapphire thiab lwm yam symbiosis, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm spinel yog Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Nyab Laj, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Afghanistan.

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