Manganese
Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm kev sivmanganesehnub rov qab mus rau Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb. Thaum ntxov li 17 xyoo, 000 xyoo dhau los, manganese oxide (pyrolusite) tau siv los ua cov xim ntawm lub qhov tsua paintings los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv Upper Paleolithic lub sij hawm, thiab tom qab ntawd pom nyob rau hauv riam phom siv los ntawm Spartans nyob rau hauv ancient Greece. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub thiab Loos siv manganese ore los decolorize lossis stain iav.
Xyoo 1868, Lecroncher tau tsim thawj lub roj teeb qhuav, tom qab ntawd tau txhim kho kom siv manganese dioxide ua cathode depolarizing tus neeg sawv cev rau cov roj teeb qhuav, thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm manganese hauv lub roj teeb ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov rau manganese dioxide.
Mob manganese lom feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj tshuaj concentrated nyob rau hauv 1% poov tshuaj permanganate, uas ua rau lub qhov ncauj mucosal yaig, xeev siab, ntuav thiab mob plab. 3% ~ 5% daws ua rau plab hnyuv mucosal necrosis, ua rau mob plab, hematochezia, thiab txawm poob siab; 5 mus rau 19 grams ntawm manganese tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Thaum vuam nyob rau hauv cov cua tsis zoo thiab nqus tau cov tshiabmanganeseoxide pa taws, mob caj pas, hnoos, ua tsis taus pa luv, thiab tam sim ntawd txias txias thiab kub kub (hlau pa taws kub) tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Manganese haus luam yeeb tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws, pneumoconiosis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis thiab dermatitis.
