Kev pov tseg thiab rov siv dua kev xaiv rau Siv Sandblasting Grit
Sandblasting yog siv los ntxuav cov av, xeb, xim lossis lwm yam txheej txheem los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Cov grit huv yuav tsum nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsis muaj cov khoom txaus ntshai. Cov kev lag luam uas siv sandblasting muaj xws li kev tsim cov nkoj thiab kev tu, kev thauj mus los choj, thiab kev ua tub rog. Abrasive blasting tau muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau ntau xyoo txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum lub sij hawm blasting. Cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhawj xeeb suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm raug silica plua plav, muaj suab nrov nrov, thiab muaj kev phom sij rau kev siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob (NIOSH, 1976). Ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev txhawj xeeb tsis tshua pom yog kev pov tseg ntawm ABM siv. Raws li txoj cai tswjfwm nruj nruj thiab kev paub ntau ntxiv txog kev sib kis ntawm ib puag ncig, kev tsom mus ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv kev tswj cov dej khib nyiab no.
Qhov teeb meem nthuav tawm nrog kev siv abrasive blast media yog tias nws tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov chaw huv si uas muab cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai rau cov grit. Sandblasting feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov xim ntawm cov hlau thiab lwm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheej saum npoo nrog cov xim feem ntau tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj hauv ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig marine (nkoj thiab txuas hniav yog qhov piv txwv zoo). Cov xim no feem ntau muaj cov hlau hnyav uas ua los tiv thaiv fouling thiab tiv thaiv corrosion. Thaum cov hlau saum npoo raug ntxuav raws li ib feem ntawm kev tu thiab rov ua dua tshiab, cov hlau hauv cov xim ua ib feem ntawm cov khib nyiab ABM matrix. Thiab qhov tseeb, cov hlau hnyav yog cov kab mob feem ntau ntawm ABM pov tseg. Kev sib kis ntawm cov abrasive ua rau muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub pov tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab (Ovenden, 1990).
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev cai tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siv cov xuab zeb grit pov tseg, nws yog cov khoom pov tseg, thiab nrog rau cov khoom pov tseg uas tsis suav nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm cov khib nyiab yog lub luag haujlwm los txiav txim siab seb cov pov tseg puas muaj cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai, thiab yog li cov pov tseg puas tsuaj. . Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog kev pov tseg thiab rov siv dua cov kev xaiv muaj. Cov kev cai ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev xeem Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) los txiav txim seb cov khoom puas raug puas tsuaj. Yog tias nws muaj kev phom sij, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau tswj raws li. Yog tias tsis pom tias muaj kev phom sij, cov grit yog cov khib nyiab uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom zoo.
Muaj ntau ntau hom abrasive blasting media muaj. Xuab zeb yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv blasting ntau tshaj plaws. Xuab zeb yog qhov kim tshaj plaws uas tsis yog siv rov qab siv dua. Lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov xuab zeb abrasives suav nrog lwm cov ntxhia xuab zeb uas tsis muaj silica dawb, hlau slag, thiab thee slag. Coal slag tau siv ntau zaus ua cov khoom siv blasting. Kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov hom no yuav tsis rov siv dua hauv cov txheej txheem abrasive, tab sis tuaj yeem rov ua dua rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv (xws li cement lossis pob zeb). Hom abrasive blasting media uas siv ntau tshaj ib zaug suav nrog garnet, hlau txhaj tshuaj, thiab iav hlaws. Cov xov xwm no yuav raug tshuaj xyuas thiab sib cais tom qab siv los ntes cov khoom siv rov siv tau. Yas blast media yog reusable thiab ntau yam. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau qhov xwm txheej thaum "nyuaj" cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qhov chaw rhiab heev. Ib daim ntawv thov no yog qhov chaw ntawm cov dav hlau thiab dav hlau. Cov khoom siv yas siv kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov txee. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau siv los ua cov khoom siv blasting muaj xws li walnut shells, impregnated daim txhuam cev, thiab dej khov qhuav.
Ib qho teeb meem nrog kev tswj xyuas cov dej khib nyiab no yog tias nws feem ntau tau ploj mus tsis pom zoo li cov khoom pov tseg thiab qhov xav tau rau kev sim rau cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai tsis tau lees paub. Qhov no ua rau ib feem ntawm lub cev zoo li cov pov tseg. Thaum silica xuab zeb tau siv, cov pov tseg zoo li cov xuab zeb thiab yog li tsis yooj yim lees paub los ntawm qee cov khoom pov tseg. Cov khoom no tsuas yog kis tau thoob plaws lub cuab yeej thiab kho raws li cov av ntxiv. Raws li cov kev cai tshiab kev nyab xeeb ua rau ntau hom ABM raug siv, cov khoom seem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau pom ntau dua li cov khoom pov tseg. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog coal slag, uas txawm hais tias zoo sib xws hauv lub cev lub cev rau cov xuab zeb, yog xim dub. Siv ABM kuj tseem pom tau ntau dua li yav dhau los vim tias cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb feem ntau xav kom ABM ntim thiab tsis siv rau hauv qhov chaw qhib. Qhov no tau ua rau cov khib nyiab uas tam sim no tau sau tseg, uas yav dhau los tej zaum tau tso tseg los ua nws txoj hauv kev mus rau ib puag ncig.
Thaum tshawb xyuas Florida cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm rau qhov kev tshawb fawb no, tsis muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv tau pom. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) kev sim ua rau cov haujlwm loj hauv lub xeev, thiab tag nrho cov hlau concentration rau ob peb kuj, tab sis me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau cuam tshuam. Cov ntaub ntawv txaus tau sau, txawm li cas los xij, los ua ob peb qhov dav dav. Rau feem ntau, cov khib nyiab ABM tshawb fawb rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tsis muaj kev phom sij (tsuas yog 3% txaus ntshai). Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus hlau hnyav ntawm cov pov tseg tseem loj txaus los txwv cov kev xaiv rov ua dua tshiab thiab pov tseg. Lead thiab Arsenic yog ob lub hlau uas tau ntsib ntau tshaj li cov qauv kev pheej hmoo raws li EPA thiab FDEP feem ntau. Lo lus nug tseem tseem hais txog qhov tseeb leachability ntawm cov hlau hnyav rau ib puag ncig. Cov ntaub ntawv raug pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tsis tau ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas leaching los txiav txim siab cov dej hauv av, tab sis theej sim rau cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai.
Cov teeb meem ntawm kev tswj cov kwj dej khib nyiab no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias feem ntau tsis muaj kev phom sij, nws cov tsos zoo li av, thiab kev xaiv pov tseg thiab rov siv dua tsis yog ib txwm qhia meej meej rau cov neeg tswj hwm lossis kev lag luam. Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj sandblast grit pov tseg tseem yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw huv si. Ib txoj kab MSW qhov chaw pov tseg yog ib txwm suav tias yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tab sis muaj peev xwm siv kev tsim kho thiab rhuav tshem cov khib nyiab pov tseg tau raug tsa los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob.
Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rov ua dua tshiab rau kev tswj hwm ABM. Siv blasting abrasives tau siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm Portland Cement. (Salt et al. 1994, Brabrand and Loehr 1993) Qhov kev xaiv rov ua dua no yog tam sim no siv los ntawm Tampa Port Authority, nrog rau peb lub cement kilns thoob plaws hauv lub xeev Florida. Siv ABM kuj muaj peev xwm siv tau los ua cov khoom sib sau ua ke ntawm Portland cement pob zeb thiab hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb asphalt rau txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tsis tau tsuas yog yuav tsum tau raws li lub xeev thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws cov lus nug pov tseg, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau raws li lub cev thiab tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau ntawm lub manufacturing txheej txheem. Lwm cov kev xaiv rau kev rov ua dua tshiab suav nrog kev rov qab qee feem ntawm ABM rov qab siv dua, siv cov khoom siv huv huv (yog tias huv txaus), thiab siv cov khoom siv hauv cov dej pov tseg lossis cov dej phwj tuaj.
Kev tswj cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm abrasive blasting yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav ntsib ntau dua yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias muaj cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev cai uas twb muaj lawm, ib qho peev txheej uas nthuav dav cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam tsis muaj tam sim no. Kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev sau thiab sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo tshaj plaws rau ABM pov tseg kev tswj hwm hauv ib hom ntawv uas tuaj yeem siv los ntawm ntau qhov kev lag luam uas ua rau kev sib tsoo tawg, thiab kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev tswj hwm hauv zej zog.
Cov ntaub ntawv
Townsend, T. (1997). Kev pov tseg thiab rov siv dua cov kev xaiv rau sandblasting grit. Hauv Florida:
